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Attention-Defecit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and distractibility in a child or adolescent. Teachers, parents, and friends may think that this child is misbehaving when, in reality, the child wants to pay attention and succeed but is unable to do so. This disorder usually begins as a child and can continue into adulthood.

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  • ​Trouble paying attention

  • Inattention to detail and makes careless mistakes

  • Easily distracted

  • Loses school supplies, forgets to turn in homework

  • Trouble finishing classwork and homework

  • Trouble listening

  • Trouble following multiple adult commands

  • Blurts out answers

Common symptoms and signs:

  • Impatience

  • Fidgets or squirms

  • Leaves their seat and runs about or climbs excessively

  • Seems to be  "on the go"

  • Talks too much and has difficulty playing quietly

  • Interrupts or intrudes on others

Three Types of ADHD

1

ADD

 Characterized by difficulties with attention and organization

2

ADHD-Hyperactive

Characterized by hyperactive and impulsive symptoms

3

ADHD- Combined

Characterized by difficulties with attention and hyperactivity

Treatments

Parents should ask doctors for a referral to a child and adolescent psychologist for a full and accurate evaluation of what subtype the child has. This should be done as soon as the parents feel like their child is experiencing one or more of these symptoms.  

 

Research shows that medication, like stimulants and non-stimulant atomoxetine, can improve attention, focus, and organizational skills in individuals with ADHD. Other medications like guanfacine, clonidine, and some antidepressants may also be helpful. 

 

In addition to medication, other treatment options include cognitive-behavioral therapy, social skills training, parent education, and educational modification to address ADHD symptoms and any coexisting learning disabilities. Behavioral therapy can help reduce aggression and develop social behavior, while cognitive therapy can improve problem-solving skills and reduce negative thoughts. Parents can also learn management skills to issue instructions one step at a time.

For more information, visit the American Academy of Children and Adolescent Psychiatry's ADHD Resource Center
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